Avaliação dos estoques de camarões peneídeos no Brasil com métodos para dados limitados

Abstract

Despite the cultural, social and economic importance of shrimp fisheries in Brazil, the lack of information on quantity and quality has been an obstacle to assessing the state of these resources. Therefore, information on catches was initially collected, available in governmental fisheries statistical bulletins from 1946 to 2011. Limitations and gaps were identified and reconstructed from generalized linear models. General categories of shrimp classification and indices obtained from environmental variables (rainfall and temperature) were used as predictors of the model. The general category was the most explanatory of the phenomenon, while the surface temperature indices that summarized the variations in dry and rainy periods stood out causing positive and negative effects respectively. In several cases, in which no catches were reported in the bulletins, the information gain was 100%. The reconstructed captures showed similar movements, with small amounts at the beginning of the series and large increments in the 1970s and 1980s. To assess the situation in which these resources were found, two approaches were used, one with a model based on captures and the other based on parameters. of life history. The reconstructed capture series were applied in the Stock Reduction Analysis (ARE). The results indicated very intense and prolonged overfishing situations for the stocks considered in the Southeast and South regions, especially when it comes to pink shrimp. In the cases of the Northeast, the seabob stood out for being in situations of high exploitation at the end of the series. In the other regions, the stocks evaluated did not show such intense situations of overfishing over time, although they did show in short periods. Life history parameters were applied to the yield per recruit model and, in general, maximum yields were associated with lengths of first capture around 8 cm and fishing mortalities close to 4 year-1. Signs of overfishing were also observed in the cases of pink shrimp and seven-bearded shrimp in the Southeast region. For the North and Northeast regions, these resources were at the maximum exploration limits. In the southern region, there were few estimates of length at first capture and fishing mortality to assess the status of these resources. This information can be useful to help the adoption of effective measures in the management of these fisheries, thus contributing to a sustainable use of these resources.