Avaliação da qualidade de frutos, estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e seleção de genótipos superiores de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) no semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a fruit tree of great importance in the world, known as the queen of fruits for its excellent organoleptic characteristics, it presents great phenotypic diversity in relation to fruit quality. The objective of the present study was to characterize mango genotypes in terms of fruit quality, estimate genetic parameters and select promising genotypes for cultivation in semi-arid conditions. In chapter II, two hundred and ninety-two plants were evaluated in two consecutive seasons, using fifteen characteristics related to fruit quality, selection was performed using the mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP), based on the estimates of repeatability coefficients and genetic gains. Twelve genotypes were selected as the most promising using the repeatability coefficients and the minimum selection indexes proposed in this study, all selected showed satisfactory genetic gains for all evaluated traits. In chapter III, two hundred and forty-six plants were evaluated in three consecutive seasons using fifteen characters related to fruit quality. Estimates of variance components, predictions of phenotypic and genotypic values, principal component analysis, factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance were performed. Twenty-five genotypes were selected as the most promising using the FAI-BLUP index, showing genetic gains for all traits. The genotypes selected in chapters II and III will be used in later studies of the mango genetic improvement program in the Brazilian semiarid region, being candidates for future recommendation as new cultivars. In chapter IV, eighty-two mango accessions were evaluated for physical, physicochemical, chemical and bioactive fruit quality, seeking to identify the best for fresh consumption based on a multivariate selection index. Means for all traits were pooled, a multivariate selection index was applied to score and classify genotypes for fresh consumption based on fruit quality. According to the results, all quality attributes showed high variability among genotypes. The selection index was a powerful tool to identify genotypes with high potential for fresh consumption, as it allowed the selection of genotypes with multiple desirable characteristics.