Silício, Trichoderma e matéria orgânica como atenuadores do estresse salino na cultura da quinoa

Abstract

Salinity is a soil disturbance that affects plant growth, inducing water stress causing water loss by leaves due to excessive accumulation of Na. To contribute to the reduction of exchangeable sodium in the soil, we have the soil conditioners. The three soil conditioners: silicate, Trichoderma and organic matter. The quinoa, halophyte plant, is resistant to saline soils, originating from the Andes. Therefore, the subject of this work was to value the productive and qualitative performance of quinoa, proposing alternatives of soil conditioners associated with Trichoderma, in an irrigation system in the semiarid under saline water. The study was carried out at the Parnamirim Irrigated Agriculture Station of UFRPE, located in Parnamirim/PE, in a medium-textured Fluvisol. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm for soil physical and chemical evaluations. The experiment was installed in a fully cazualized design, with four replications, in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, being two irrigation depths (30% of C.C. and 80% of C.C.) and 5 treatments (T1 - control; T2 - potassium silicate; T3 - silicate + organic matter; T4 - silicate + trichoderma; T5 - Silicate + trichoderma + organic matter), totaling 40 experimental units. The soil used was collected near the work conduction area, where the vessels used were filled. The conditioners were incorporated into the soil at a depth of 20 cm. Plantations referring to cultivar BRS Piabiru were used in each tray. Irrigations were conducted by capillarity until 30 and 80% of the field capacity was obtained, with saline water. The harvest was performed 62 days after transplanting the seedlings. For the evaluated characteristics, plant height, fresh and dry mass presented the best interactions in the silicate + trichoderma treatment; silicate + OM in 80% of WC and the control with 30% WC, silicate fertilization + OM at 80% of WC was the best treatment; 80% CC silicate and silicate + trichoderma with 30% WC, respectively. For chlorine, potassium and sodium in the plant, treatments with 80% WC were the best treatments. Soil pH and electrical conductivity there were no significant differences between treatments. Exchangeable sodium the witness was the significant treatment. The fresh and dry mass of quinoa plants in a controlled environment were impaired with the reduction with water stress; quinoa plants responded with increased water regime and conditioners; the use of silicon conjugated with other conditioners provided the highest averages for fresh mass of the plant, sodium, potassium and chlorine. Quinoa is an alternative for production in areas with high levels of salinity in irrigation water.