Avaliação da eficácia e sustentabilidade nas obras do “Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida” - um múltiplo estudo de caso no Agreste de Pernambuco

Abstract

One of the main threats to sustainability in civil construction is waste. In the Brazil, sectorial programs and policies for civil construction were developed, with the objective of encouraging their modernization and sustainability. Such incentives occur mainly within the scope of the construction of social housing, currently driven by the federal government program Programa Casa Verde e Amarela (PCVA). In these works, structural masonry is widely used due to repetition of layout, reduction of waste and proves to be a sustainable alternative when well designed and executed. Therefore, the master's research had as main objective to evaluate the performance of Civil Construction enterprises in terms of the waste of blocks for masonry in housing construction sites in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco and to develop a layout of a sustainable proposal to reduce waste from this process. The structuring of the contents explored was in the form of chapters, whose epistemological sequence supports the subsequent stages and the global development of the research. Initially, Public Policies policies that have a perspective of a sustainable civil construction were analyzed, and that are related to the housing issue in Brazil for the elaboration of recommendations. From this, the research methodology adopted consisted of the multiple case study composed of three construction sites. Qualitative approaches were used, for field analysis and document analysis, and quantitative approaches, in the elaboration of the Morant Effectiveness Index (IEM). Construction site A has a large size and is located in the municipality of Caruaru. Construction sites B and C are located in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and are medium-sized. It was possible to verify that the most frequent waste categories in the works: excess stock, defective production and unnecessary movement. The main causes of this waste are: lack of layout for the service front at the work, inadequate handling of materials, and lack of planning in the acquisition of materials and stock management. The EMI for evaluating the effectiveness regarding the use of bricks for masonry were: 92.83% in construction site A , 91.31% in construction site B and 87.15% in construction site C. In the case of loss rates, the results were 6.68% in construction site A, 8.68% in construction site B and 10.79% in construction site C. Therefore, the results highlighted the need to apply measures focused on leaner construction and solid waste management as a strategy for sustainability in the face of the competitive market that demands efficient housing projects.