Formas de controle da espécie florística invasora Leucena leucocephala [Lam.] de Wit na Baia de Sueste, no Parque Nacional Marinho do Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha - PE (Brasil)

Abstract

Islands cover about 3% of the Earth's surface, presenting particular biotic and abiotic characteristics, such as less complex ecosystem mechanisms and a high rate of endemism, which results in high environmental vulnerability. Invasive exotic species benefit from this fragility, establishing an advantage over native species, dominating the environment in which it was inserted with greater efficiency, causing significant damage to local biodiversity. In this sense, the Brazilian Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha presents a picture of invasion by Leucena leucocephala [Lam.] De Wit., a legume with high adaptive potential, classified among the 100 most aggressive invasive species on the planet. For this reason, it´s necessary to elaborate studies that aim to elucidate the academic gaps around this problem. Thus, this work aims to help improve environmental quality, through the identification of ways to control the invasive floristic species L. leucocephala in the restinga of Baia de Sueste, in the National Marine Park of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago - PE (Brazil). This study is organized into four chapters: Chapter 1 – Bibliometric and scientometric integrative systematic review, with the objective of mapping the scientific development of the control of invasive floristic species in insular environments, on a 10-year timescale; Chapter 2 – Evaluation of the native species Erythrina velutina, submitting it to pre-established parameters in order to classify it as a bioindicator of environmental quality and a tool for analyzing the impacts caused by the invasion of the exotic species L. leucocephala; Chapter 3 – Quantitative analysis of floristic biodiversity in the restinga of Baía de Sueste, Fernando de Noronha – PE, in order to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the invasions and propagation of invasive exotic species; Chapter 4 – Assessment of international agreements and national Public Policies related to the control of invasive species such as L. leucocephala, trying to understand how Brazilian environmental laws regulate this issue, since this species is one of the most aggressive invasive species in the world. The results showed that there is a global concern with the theme, expressed by the increase in the number of publications, however, the need for studies that evaluate control techniques is evident. Regarding bioindication, Erythrina velutina was classified as an optimal bioindicator for environments invaded by L. leucocephala, demonstrating negative sensitivity to the effects of the exotic. The application of Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H') and Pielou's Equity index (J) revealed a high level of dominance by the exotic in Sueste Bay. With regard to public policies, it is necessary to create more comprehensive legislation, in order to encompass from invasive species to those with a high potential for invasion, in order to facilitate decision-making in the sense of establishing control practices, monitoring and combating invasives. It is understood that the study of weeds must take place in scientific research, so that ways of controlling or combating such an impact on local biodiversity can be identified.