Avaliação gerencial da produção de leite bovino em Pernambuco

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate production costs, financial results, and milk production in dairy farms in four Immediate Regions of the state of Pernambuco. Data were collected monthly for 12 consecutive months (from January to December 2021). The database consisted of 910 dairy farms from four Immediate Regions (Arcoverde, Belo Jardim-Pesqueira, Caruaru and Garanhuns). Technical and economic indicators of the milk producing units were evaluated, as well as their variations depending on the Region, Month and equivalent milk production (Milk-Eq). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS Studio University, and least squares means were compared using Tukey's test. Differences were declared when P ≤ 0.10 for all comparisons. All economic variables were affected by region and by (Milk-Eq), except for Effective Operating Cost/Gross Income of the activity, which was not affected by the latter effect. The month of production had the greatest effect on the evaluated variables, such as Gross Income of the activity, Effective Operating Cost/Gross Income of the activity and Gross Margin. Size, zootechnical and economic indicators were evaluated. 378 dairy farms were also evaluated and the correlation coefficients with the rate of return on invested capital were determined and then regression equations were generated for each indicator, depending on four scenarios of the rate of return on invested capital (4, 6, 8 and 10% per year). The correlated reference indicators and their respective values in the four scenarios were: milk production/cow in lactation (10.32; 10.94;11.57;12.19 L/day); milk production/area (3426.49; 4371.33; 5316.17; 6261.01 L/ha/year); effective operating cost/gross income (68.72; 64.08; 59.44; 54.80); total operating cost/price of milk (84.24; 76.73; 69.21; 61.69); total cost/price of milk (103.84; 93.31; 82.77; 72.23%) and profitability (15.76; 23.27; 30.79; 38.31%). Increasing production scale favors profitability through increases in land productivity and milk production per lactating cow. The identification and quantification of benchmarks help in the management of properties in the Agreste region of Pernambuco.