Monitoramento de pastagem de braquiária por imagens de veículo aéreo não tripulado e satélite

Abstract

This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the interaction between cattle and pastoral environment and the efficiency of the use of unmanned aerial vehicle, associated with obtaining satellite images for monitoring pasture. In the first stage of this study, measurements and collections were performed to evaluate the biometric variables of the pasture and resistance to soil penetration. In order to make it possible to perform spatial and temporal monitoring, geostatistical techniques were applied, generating kriging maps, determining the variability of the variables under study within the grazing area. The second stage sought to evaluate the use of satellite images and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the monitoring of pasture, for this, vegetation indices were used both in the visible spectrum (Normalized Green Red Difference Index - NGRDI, Green Leaf Index - GLI and the Visible Atmospherically Resistent Index - VARI), as the indices in the near infrared range (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index - SAVI and Leaf Area Index - IAF). The variables were classified between low and medium variability. The variables of the 1st pass, AltD, MSPA, RP (0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m), and the 2nd pass MSPA, MSR (0.10-0.20 m) and RP (0.00-0.10m) adapted to the exponential and spherical mathematical models, and showed strong spatial dependence throughout the experiment period, with the exception for the variable RP (0.00-0.10 m), after the output of the animals, which showed an average degree of spatial dependence of 34.89%. The pasture degradation index (IDP), between the 1st pass in August and the 2nd pass in September, showed a decrease in vegetation in the order of 97%. The VARI index showed minimum and maximum intervals, between -0.207 and 0.200. The IAF obtained maximum and minimum values in the order of 3.00 and 0.00, values close to those found in loco where the maximum and minimum values found were 3.60 and 0.60.