Cienciometria, distribuição geográfica e divergência genética de Genipa americana L. para fins de restauração florestal

Abstract

An important native species for forest restoration projects requiring a more significant collection of genetic information is Genipa americana L., from the Rubiaceae family, popularly known as genipap. Thus, the objective of the work is to subsidize forest restoration projects in Brazil with Genipa americana, studying the occurrence in the country, scientific production, and selecting mother trees from the genetic divergence in fruits, seeds, and seedlings of the species. For this, in the first chapter, a study was carried out on the development of scientific knowledge about the physiological aspects of G. americana between the years 2010-2021 and the distribution of the geographic occurrence of the species in Brazil. In the second chapter, the selection of mother trees of G. americana from the Saltinho Biological Reserve, in Tamandaré – PE, Brazil, was carried out. Regarding its state of scientific development, there are not enough studies regarding the characterization of populations that involve tests of abiotic variables to determine possible locations of sources of genetic/reproductive material. Regarding the distribution in Brazil, the species is well adapted to high temperatures, high precipitation rates, and low relief. The location of trees in the Saltinho Biological Reserve is defined by luminosity, causing most individuals to concentrate near a clearing produced by constructing a road within the fragment. Through the analysis of genetic parameters, it was possible to define more significant genetic divergence between progenies than between matrices. As for the matrix selection index, the ones that will serve as the best source of genetic material are the matrices 1, 4, and 6, respectively, which are in different groups in the cluster analysis by the UPGMA method. These matrices were better positioned in the ranking in most variables, considering their genetic divergence. Finally, the Saltinho Biological Reserve is a good source of genetic/reproductive material for the G. americana for forest restoration purposes.