Patologia comparativa das intoxicações por plantas que contêm swainsonina e calisteginas em caprinos

Abstract

This study was proposed in order to prove the toxicity of calystegines and swainsonine in the nervous system of goats, and is presented in two chapters. The first reflects a brief review of the main toxic plants in Brazil and covers, among other aspects, diseases of lysosomal storage. The second chapter, on the other hand, is an article in which the experimental and comparative results of the toxicity of calistegines and swainsonine are expressed, in order to infer whether calistegines are actually incriminated in neurological lesions in small ruminants. To this end, this study was submitted to the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control (CONCEA) and approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the Federal University of Pernambuco (license 101/2019). Fifteen male Saanen goats, six months old, weighing between 16 and 18 kg were used. The animals were distributed into three groups, each maintained with five animals and under the same management conditions. Group I received a diet containing I. subincana at a dose of 2g / kg / day for 30 days (0.4mg of swainsonine / kg / day); Group II received I. incarnata at a dose of 2 g / kg / day for 30 days and (0.1 mg / kg / day of calystegine B1, 0.4 mg / kg / day of calystegine B2, 0.003 mg / kg / day of alystegineB3 and 0.002 mg / kg / day of calystegine C1); and Group III did not receive any diet containing Ipomoea spp. After 30 days, all experimental animals showed clinical signs consistent with lysosomal storage disease. Subsequently, the goats were euthanized and submitted to necropsy, from which fragments were collected from all organs, fixed in formaldehyde at 10 and 20% and processed routinely for histopathology. In addition, samples of the central nervous system were subjected to histochemistry for lectins, in which there was a positive marking for the accumulation of oligosaccharides, proving the involvement of calystegines in lysosomal storage disease. Species of the genus Ipomoea contain swainsonine and/or calystegines, which are attributed to the storage of incompletely processed oligosaccharides; however, the studies available in the literature to date have remained controversial as to the actual participation of calystegines in neurological damage in small ruminants. The present study comes to contribute to better recognition of the pathogenesis of intoxication by I. subincana and I. incarnata in goats.