Distribuição espaço-temporal da leptospirose humana no município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil: 2013 a 2019

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of the 626 confirmed cases of leptospirosis in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil in the period from 2013 to 2019, associating it with socioeconomic and environmental factors. The data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System - SINAN, using the ecological study. Incidence, mortality, lethality was determined and an analysis of geographic distribution was performed. To identify areas with clusters of leptospirosis cases, the Kernel density estimator was used. It was observed that of the 626 confirmed cases of leptospirosis, 79.7% occurred in men and the age groups with the highest number of occurrences were ages between 29 and 59 years. Schooling with the highest percentage was found in individuals in elementary school (5th to 9th grade) incomplete. The year 2014 had a higher incidence rate of confirmed cases and it was also found that the period from 2015 to 2017 had higher coefficients of lethality. The highest annual rainfall rates were observed in the years 2019, 2017 and 2013, following the highest incidence rates in the years 2019 and 2017. It was observed, through the Kernel estimator in the period from 2013 to 2019, that the areas with the highest concentration of cases of leptospirosis were identified in the health districts (HD) I and II in the Northern region, HD VII in the Southern region, and HD VIII in the Central-West region. It was also found that the areas of Social Interest Communities had the highest concentration of leptospirosis cases in the period studied. Finally, the occurrence and spatial distribution of leptospirosis in Recife, Pernambuco, identified this study is similar to other urban centers, since problems such as disorderly growth of the human population, precarious infrastructure and the presence of communities of social interest are shared in main Brazilian cities. This characterization enabled not only the detection of which Sanitary District and the neighborhood with the highest risk of occurrence of Leptospirosis, as well as identifying the main risk factors, as well as analyzing the population, geographical and temporal variations in the frequency of confirmed cases of leptospirosis as part of the set of epidemiological and environmental surveillance actions, as well as contributing to the knowledge of the tendency for leptospirosis to occur.