Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes no agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

The objective was to identify the occurrence of toxic plants for ruminants in Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco, as well as, as related to toxic plants from the perspective of producers and to determine the frequency of outbreaks. The study was carried out during the period from 2018 to 2019, covering 19 of the municipalities that make up Agreste and 95 agricultural producers were interviewed. The properties were selected according to the vegetation and the location within the municipality. Data collection was performed using pre-prepared forms and the identification of the toxic plant on the property. According to the data, article one with the following results, Amaranthus spp. (bredo), Mimosa tenuiflora (black jurema), Sida spp. (broom), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (monkfish), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Prosopis juliflora (mesquite), Crotalaria retusa and Solanum paniculatum (jurubeba) were the most prevalent species in the region. Based on the forms, it was found that the most important plants for the region, due to the frequency of related outbreaks, were esculenta Manihot esculenta, Palicourea aeneofusca (rat weed), Brachiaria spp. (brachiaria), Indigofera suffruticosa (indigo), Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Ricinus communis (castor) and Cestrum axillare (Corana), respectively. The groups of plants of greatest importance to Agreste de Pernambuco are those that cause liver changes and primary photosensitization, changes in the central nervous system and as cyanogenic. Standing out Manihot esculenta as a species of greater importance for the region. The second article aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning by Talisia esculenta in cattle in Agreste de Pernambuco. The cases occurred in the municipalities of São Bento do Una and Belo Jardim and a total of 25 adult cattle, eight after being consumed as leaves and fruits of the plant and four dead 72 hours after the observation of the first clinical tests; which consist of ataxia, reluctance to walk, swing, head tremors, muscle spasms in the limbs, stiff pelvic limbs with a broadly based position, ruminal atony and, when excited, falls and remains in abnormal positions. At necropsy, no selected finding was found, except for the presence of separate digested husks and seeds in the rumen content. Microscopically, no lesions were observed. There is no specific therapy for poisoning by T. esculenta leaves. Prophylaxis consists of preventing cattle from having access to pasture areas containing a plant in the fruiting stage