Perfil epidemiológico das notificações da profilaxia da raiva humana no estado de Pernambuco, no período de 2015 a 2017

Abstract

In order to elaborate the epidemiological profile of the notifications of patients undergoing prophylactic treatment for human rabies in the state of Pernambuco from 2015 to 2017, it was performed a cross-sectional descriptive, qualitative and spatial analysis study of the antirabic care records registered on the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan). For data analysis the state was divided into five geographic regions (Recife, Metropolitan Region of Recife - except the municipality of Recife, “Zona da Mata”, “Agreste”, and “Sertão”) and the 12 Regional Health Management (GERES). The absolute and relative frequency of the data in the notification form were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics, the injury, the treatment applied to patients and the offending species. The completeness of the form was classified as excellent, regular or bad, according to the percentage of fields ignored/blank. Maps of the five regions and the 12 GERES were divided into subgroups according to the coefficient of incidence of notifications in the proportion of 1/10,000 inhabitants. Among the 184 municipalities in the state, including the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, 97,305 notifications of closed cases were evaluated, 32,082 of which were made in 2015; 25,923 notifications in 2016, and 39,300 notifications in 2017. In the three years, the majority of consultations were made to male people (50.3%), between 20 and 59 years old (47.5%), brown (48.7%), living in the urban area (81 , 5%), who suffered a bite (82.1%), on their hands and/or feet (39.7%), with the type of deep wound (49.1%), the highest occurrence in the third quarter of the year (29.7%), and caused by dogs and cats (97.3%). The completeness of the form, the quality of filling “excellent” was observed in most fields (18/35; 51.4%). However, important information about previous visits, therapeutic conduct, interruption and abandonment of treatment, application of vaccine/serum, among others, were classified as “bad” quality (12/35; 34.2%). In total, the increase in bites by wild animals was almost three times greater in the “Sertão” (273/754; 36.2%) than in Recife (97/754; 12.9%) and presented itself in an increasing way in towards the interior of the state. Compared to 2015, there was a decrease in the number of notifications in 2016 and an increase in 2017 in the entire state of Pernambuco. In addition, all five regions increased their notifications and proportions of incidence in the period from 2015 to 2017, with the exception of the “Agreste” region. The training of professionals involved in the care and actions aimed at preventing injuries to wild animals are extremely necessary actions in the state of Pernambuco.