Panorama sobre a influência da polinização e aspectos da vegetação nativa na produção do tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae)

Abstract

Background: Tomato pollination is improved by bees, even though it is a self-pollinating plant and this pollination can still be favored by native vegetation in agricultural landscapes. We synthesize global data on tomato pollination and its influence on production in order to identify the focus of the studies, their main results and knowledge gaps. In addition, we tested whether the native vegetation around open plantations explains pollination and production. Results: Most studies were carried out in the 2000s and in tropical regions. Topics included the influence of a specific pollinator on production, comparison of production between natural pollination and various reproductive experiments and pollination deficit estimates. Fifty bee species distributed in 22 genera and three families were cited, 82% of which pollinate by vibration pollination. Melipona and Bombus were the most used bees in the management of pollinators. In general, bee pollination has improved production compared to other experiments. Native vegetation does not explain the richness of species and genera, nor does it bear fruit. Conclusions: The better performance of the buzzing bees in relation to the other pollinators confirms the trend observed in the Solanaceae crops. The high diversity of pollinators and the best performance of natural pollination highlight the importance of functional diversity for crop yields. The non-correlation between native vegetation with pollination and production seems to be a result of the small sample size. Some important knowledge gaps identified were the efficiency of pollination of native bees in open plantations, the influence of pollinators on the chemical properties of fruits and to evaluate aspects of the quality of native vegetation and their influence on pollination and production.