Uso de células-tronco mesenquimais obtidas com o sistema Rigenera e biomembrana a base de quitosana no tratamento de lesões de calvária em ratos

Abstract

Bone defects are a global health problem. The Rigenera system through the Rigeneracons® device allows the extraction of micrografts rich in terms of progenitor cells, which has been an excellent option for studies in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials have also been used in the medical or biomedical fields, as effective alternatives for the replacement of tissues, including bone tissue. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration process through autologous grafts obtained through the Rigeneracons device and a chitosan-based biomembrane with fibrillated microcellulose (MFC) in rat calvaria. 54 male Wistar rats (285 ± 29g), from the Animal Breeding and Experimentation Laboratory of the Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, were used. The animals were kept in cages with food and water ad libitum, at a temperature of 22 ± 5ºC and artificial lighting, with alternating light-dark cycles of 12 hours. These animals were randomly divided into 3 groups each consisting of 18 animals, namely: Group A-Treated with the micro-grafts obtained from the Rigenera system; Group B- Treated with Biomembrane based on chitosan / MFC; and Group AB- Biomembrane associated with the micro-grafts obtained from the Rigenera device. Subsequently, two lesions (5mm) on each antimere in the calvaria of each animal, the animal being its control. The CT scans were performed using a GE Hi-Speed FXI CT scanner and, after the scanning process, the images were reconstructed using DICOM visualization software. The animals were euthanized 15, 30 and 60 days after the treatments, the calvaria collected and processed for histopathological and histochemical analysis. In bone densitometry analyzes we found that in group A it was more efficient at 60 days, group B at 15 days and not very efficient at 60 days and in group AB they showed increased bone densometry at 30 and 60 days. It was verified that there was no regeneration in the lesions of the controls of each group, differently from the treated ones, where areas of bone formation and well-activated mesenchymal tissue were verified. It is concluded that the Rigenera system is efficient for use in cell therapy in animals associated with the chitosan / MFC-based biomembrane. It will be possible to use it for use in veterinary medicine and, mainly, in bone injury surgeries in search of bone regeneration.