Análise sobre o projeto de mitigação do impacto gerado pelas obras do Parque Eólico de Casa Nova – BA

Abstract

The debate on the need to diversify the electric energy source in Brazil has gained prominence in the last decades, and a source that has been growing in the scenario is wind energy. Even though it is considered sustainable in several parameters, this source also causes a socio-environmental impact in the location where a wind farm is implemented (STAUT, 2011; MENDES, 2016; MEDEIROS JÚNIOR, 2018; VECCHIA, 2019). For this reason, the environmental agencies imposed on Chesf the realization of an environmental compensation project for the location where the Central Geradora Eólica (CGE) de Casa Nova was built. Through a partnership with Embrapa Semiárido and other institutions, a project was elaborated with the aim of mitigating the environmental impact caused to the location of installation, in addition to benefiting farmers through technology transfer. The present work had the objective of analyzing the effects of the Project “Ações de Desenvolvimento Para Produtores Agropecuários do Entorno do Parque Eólico de Casa Nova – BA” on lives of farmers. To achieve this purpose, a bibliographic, documentary and field research was carried out in the communities, following a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and inductive approach. 14 farmers and 09 technicians participated in the study, totaling 23 individuals. The technique used was a semi-structured interview with a voice recorder. The result obtained in the work showed that the main positive effect of the wind farm is related to financial income and the most mentioned negative was the increase in the number of thefts caused by the interruption of the construction. In relation to the Project effect, it was identified that the process of reforesting with native plants from the caatinga is quite advanced, in relation to the initial schedule, and the main intention of farmers is to use the area for livestock activity. Other farmers have benefited from technical knowledge, technical assistance and receipt of equipment, but there are farmers who have not participated any activity and claimed to be unaware about the continuation of the project. Regarding the technicians' perspective, it was considered that the technology transfer activity is taking place as planned, within the project's objective. In the general context, it was identified that the main benefit provided by the execution of the Project, both from the perspective of farmers and technicians, was the drilling of artesian wells on the properties.