Gestão de voluntários em organizações sem fins lucrativos : uma abordagem multinível da liderança

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the performance of leaderships in the management of non-profit organizations, through the multilevel approach of Yammarino, Dansereau and Jennedy (2001). Leadership influences on motivation are investigated; and the performance of leaderships in management at its intra-individual, dyadic, group and organizational levels. As the theme is still unexplored, the methodology has a qualitative character, based on a systematic literature review (RSL) in Kitchenham (2007) parameters and with the support of the computational tool StArt 3.3; and realization the interviews. A sample is formed by 96 (ninety-six) participants, 89 (eightynine) volunteers and 07 (seven) leaders. The data obtained were analyzed using the content analysis technique according to the steps listed by Bardin (2016) and contributed to the formation of a more professional look in the context of volunteer management. The research domain that involves leadership influences on motivation in contexts marked by volunteering is quite diffuse, although concentrated on the science of management. Both results - RSL and multiple case studies - converge to a multifaceted performance of the leaderships, with subjective and objective components. Responsibility in the affective sense is essential for the formation of a collective sense of belonging and recognition of cause. However, in a context where managerial demands are gaining ground in the universe of non-profit organizations, more technical performance to direct teams to the best results is also necessary to enhance social impact. It is assumed, therefore, that leadership styles stand out because they have specificities aligned with the needs of each NGO, as there is no more adequate, coherent or successful performance for any of the levels of analysis. Finally, it is recommended that this study be replicated in private organizations that foster social and environmental responsibility, in which the participation of employees in actions and projects of a social nature is encouraged.