Uma proposta para o perfil conceitual de energia em contextos do ensino da física e da química

Abstract

This doctoral research aims to propose a conceptual profile to the concept of energy considering the different meanings given to that concept in different contexts and circulating in situations of Physics and Chemistry learning. In this sense, the research was developed in disciplines of degrees in Physics and Chemistry, and with a group of secondary school. For the theory of conceptual profiles, used in this work, people exhibit different ways of seeing and conceptualizing the world, that is, different ways of thinking concepts, which are used in different contexts. Thus, a conceptual profile models the diversity of ways of thinking or mean certain concept, and consists of several areas. According to the methodology proposed by the research program on the conceptual profile, we seek to work from three genetic domains of Vigotski, namely: socio-cultural, ontogenetic and microgenetic, and the following sources of data were used to identify ways of thinking and ways to talk about the concept of energy: secondary historical sources of the development of concept, literature on informal concepts for energy concept, data from questionnaires and discursive interactions established in the classroom. It proposed a didactic intervention, applied to a class degree in Physics, a class of degree in chemistry and a group of second year of secondary school. The questionnaire consisted of four questions, three of which were analyzed for the construction of the conceptual profile. The discursive interactions were analyzed from the discussions in the classroom in a guided discussion for five problems-situation, which used five different contexts of the concept of energy use. Data analysis enabled the construction of an array of ways of thinking and ways of talking about the concept of energy in the context of physics and chemistry, fundamental recognition of the epistemological, ontological and/or axiological commitments and the proposition of the zones for conceptual profile of energy: energy as something spiritual or mystical, energy functional/utilitarist, energy as movement/obvious activity, energy as something material, energy as the causal agent of change and energy as quantity that is conserved.