Potencial para uso industrial e consumo in natura de variedades cítricas e genômica comparativa de espécies da família Rutaceae

Abstract

The Rutaceae family, known mainly for cultivated species of the genus Citrus, has approximately 1730 species distributed in 158 genera. Citrus sinensis (oranges) and Citrus reticulata (tangerines) are notable for their great economic importance. Worldwide, Brazil stands out as the main producer of oranges and the largest exporter of fruit juice. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for in natura and industrial consumption of 14 varieties of oranges (C. sinensis) and 12 varieties of tangerines (C. reticulata) under the conditions of the Garanhuns microregion and perform acomparative analysis of complete Plastome sequences of 18 species belonging to the Rutaceae family. For the in natura and industrial potential of orange and mandarin varieties, the following morpho-agronomic characteristics were analyzed: plant height; shoots diameter and volume; stem diameter above and below the grafting line; compatibility index; and the physical and chemical quality characteristics of the fruits. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications and one plant per plot. The results were submitted to the Scott-Knott averages test at 5% probability. Complete plastid genomes from 18 species of Rutaceae were retrieved from public databases and used for a comparative analysis of the group. Varieties meet the requirements for in natura consumption. The varieties Hamlin 02, Sunstar, Pineapple, Pear D6, Pear D9 and Valencia Tuxpan presented fruit size, juice yield and titratable acidity, which were adequate to the minimum standards required for the industry. Regarding the tangerines, the 'Nova', Minneola, Ponkan and Piemonte varieties meet the requirements for fresh consumption, and the varieties Mexerica, Robinson, Lee, Dancy, Murcott, Kinnow, Swatow and Fortune Iniasel presented industrial potential. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyzes, the inclusion of the species Merrilia caloxylon in the Citreae tribe is recommended, thus solving the Clauséaeae paraphyletism. In addition, it is recommended to include the species Orixa japonica, Ptelea trifoliata and Bauforodendron riedelianum, which were previously classified as members of the subfamily Toddalioideae, within Amyridoideae.