Multimodalidade na educação em ciências para a saúde : construção de sentidos sobre a campanha sanitária "#MosquitoNão"

Abstract

The health campaigns are built to combat the advance of diseases, being related to Education in Sciences for Health. These materials are characterized both by the agglutination of various semiotic modes (images, written texts, gestures, among others), which makes them essentially multimodal, as for objectifying report on good health practices, example of the "#MosquitoNão" campaign to combat the cases of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. Understanding that it is campaign can be taken as mediating element of the process of teaching and learning, it is need to discuss training proposals aimed at preparing teachers of the Education in Sciences to Health to deal with the visuals of these materials, including expand them in the classroom. For this, a theoretical and methodological contribution was sought in the Grammar of the Visual Design (GVD, KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) to analyze how undergraduate students in biological sciences analyze and modify the Multimodal Sanitary Publicity Texts (MSPT) of the campaign "MosquitoNão". Our main objective was to investigate and analyze the campaign "# MosquitoNão" and its process of construction of sense by undergraduate students in biological sciences, from training on the GDV. The research happened with 42 undergraduates students of a Biological Sciences course, being classified as qualitative of the collaborative type (IBIAPINA, 2016). The development of the study took place in stages: the first step consisted in the analysis of all the MSPT of the "#MosquitoNão" campaign, categorizing them into four focal axes, with the subsequent choice of a MSPT from each focal axis to represent the campaign; in the second step, each of the four MSPT chosen was distributed to two Groups of Working (GW), totaling 8 GW, and each of them was submitted to a questionnaire regarding their MSPT; the third stage consisted of a formation course on GDV and Multimodality; in the fourth and last stage the GW have regrouped and had as task to reanalyze their TMPS from the GDV and propose possible changes. The analysis of the MSPT reinforced that this material can be used to mediate biological knowledge related to Education in Science for the Health, as well as signaled the need to combat the simplifications of the epidemics of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika brought in the mottos of the campaign, as well as discussed the process of transferring the fight against the disease vector to the interactive reader. The analysis to the questionnaire responses reinforced the need to provide a multimodal reading in teacher training, since most of the GW signaled the existence of a supposed imagery clarity, signaling the understanding of an automatism in its relation with the images. This evidenced the importance of a formation that allows an understanding of the visual to beyond the illustration of the verbal. After the formation some GW reaffirmed a conception of reading restricted to the verbal language, as well as showed difficulty in understanding the functions of GDV as present in any and all multimodal text and not as categories. The modification proposals brought contributions of the GDV and enabled some GW to understand their MSPT as a mediator of biological knowledge that needs to be expanded, training the undergraduates students to the habit of analyzing previously multimodal texts. In this sense, the research allowed reflections on the importance of considering components of a sanitary campaign as a multimodal pedagogical resource, but before that, it signaled to the teachers in formation the importance of promoting an analytical look at these materials, aiming to aggregate new information while using them in the classroom, rather than just reproduce the speech.