Avaliação da eficiência de estação de tratamento de efluente de lavanderia de beneficiamento de jeans no arranjo produtivo local têxtil do agreste pernambucano - um estudo de caso

Abstract

In Pernambuco there is a significant amount of textile industries located in the region of Agreste, these companies make up the Local Productive Clothing Arrangement of the Agreste of Pernambuco (APLCAPE). There is a need to efficiently meet the criteria and standards for discharging effluents into water bodies required by environmental agencies. The purpose of this research emerged from the need to analyze the quality of raw wastewater (RW) and treated effluent (TE), from an effluent treatment plant from a denim processing laundry located in the Agreste of Pernambuco in order to demonstrate the efficiency of its treatment. The methodology consisted of field investigation through punctual technical visits to the “Laundry X” to acknowledge the structure and processes, listing physical characteristics and the sequence of steps used in their processes. Observations, photographic records and consultations with the manager of the plant were made in order to create a flowchart to illustrate the steps involved in the processing of jeans. The study on the characterization of the “Laundry X” treatment plant took place mainly through secondary data provided by the company itself. The data analyzed were from January to December 2018. To analyze the efficiency of the Effluent Treatment Plant studies of physicochemical parameters were used and were provided by a third party laboratory. The analyzes consisted of assessing whether the physicochemical parameters were in accordance with the requirements of the environmental laws CONAMA 430/11 and CPRH no 2.001/03. The parameters were: BOD, COD, Temperature, pH, Sedimentable Solids (SedS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Oils and Greases (O&G). As a result, we obtained a flowchart of all the jeans processing steps and it was also possible to physically and functionally characterize all unit operations involving the “Laundry X” treatment plant. The annual averages of treated effluent for the analyzed parameters were: BOD 136.5 mg/L; COD 409.6 mg/L; Temp. 28.4 °C; pH 6.4; TSS 47.5 mg/L; SedS 0.25 mL/L; O&G 51.3 mg/L. It was concluded that the average value for removal efficiency of both BOD and COD was approximately 70%, and the performance of both parameters was better in the first half of 2018. The removal efficiency for BOD was reasonable as the limit required by CPRH is 70%. For COD the limit is 80% so only in September/2018 the goal was reached.