Avaliação de cultivares e progênies de sorgo irrigados água salina na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco

Abstract

The Northeast of Brazil presents diversity lands, and limitation use of water quality, availability for consumption and agricultural activity, which reinforces the need to use water of inferior quality. However, for the use of water with high salt levels should take into account the production potential of crops tolerant to adverse abiotic. Insert factors such as risk of salinity of irrigation water and soil, soil physical and chemical characteristics, and crop suitability, in a local productive context production, with sorghum being a complementary crop to sugarcane in the region of the zona da mata. Sorghum as a highlight, in regions where there is low rainfall and irregular rainfall regime due to its ease of cultivation, drought tolerance, rapid establishment and growth, as well as good nutritional value and high forage production; Biomass for ethanol production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of sorghum cultivars and progenies (with different types; forage, double purpose and saccharine, as well as progenies that are in the test phase for cultivation recommendation in the state of Pernambuco). Submitted to irrigation with water salinity, observing the efficiency of water use, ethanol production potential as an alternative in the sugarcane harvesting, aiming at the inclusion of these cultivars and progenies in production systems that use water with high levels of salts for irrigation. An irrigated experiment conducted in the Municipality of Vitoria de Santo Antão, in Pernambuco, Brazil, at the Experimental Station of Luiz Jorge da Gama Wanderley belonging to the Institute Agronomic of Pernambuco- (IPA). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments (cultivars and progenies) with three replicates. The main variables evaluated were; total dry matter yield, shoot yield per hectare, mean plant height, number of days for flowering, soluble solids content, theoretical ethanol and the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, as well as the sodium and potassium levels of the extract obtained. The salinity of the irrigation water did not affect the full development of sorghum cultivars and progenies. There was a great increase of the sodium element in the soil. The cultivars that showed compatible with the coefficients of the sugarcane sector were IPA SF-15, BRS 508 and T 17 389-5-1x IPA 1158, with average values for ethanol production, being also the ones that presented higher efficiency in the use of Water. The progenies in the test phase presented low performance because they did not reach the genetic stability.