Parasitos e sanidade de três espécies de peixes marinhos (Actinopterygii) de importância comercial na região Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Parasites can be useful tools for the study of aquatic ecosystems as indicators of environmental conditions and as biological markers in the discrimination of marine resources. The Northeastern region presents the largest coastal extension of Brazil, there are few studies on parasites of fish. The objective of this study was to identify the parasites and to know their impact on the health of three species of fish of commercial importance. In the first study, the gastrointestinal tract of 84 individuals of Lutjanus synagris from the states of Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte were analyzed, in which 36,10% were identified helminths of six taxa: Siphodera vinaledwarsii, Helicometrina nimia, Cucullanus sp. and larvae of Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. There was influence of host size and weight on the parasite abundance of S. vinaledwarsii, H. nimia, Cucullanus sp., Anisakis sp. and Contracaecum sp. In the second study, 77 specimens of Pseudupeneus maculatus, L. synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus from Pernambuco were analyzed, of which 55.84% were parasitized by Rocinela signata, Lernaeolophus sultanus, Lernanthropus sp., Goussia sp., Haliotrema sp., Cucullanus sp., Larvae of Raphidascaris sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Anisakis sp. and of cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha. Anatomic-histopathological changes were associated with R. signata, Lernantrhopus sp., Haliotrema sp. (gills); Goussia sp. and Pseudoterranova sp. (liver); Lernaeolophus sultanus (maxilla). New records of parasites are presented. Histopathology proved to be an important tool for the evaluation of sanity and results demonstrate the impact of the parasites on the ichthyofauna and public health.