Sistemas de produção de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) para ganhos em fitomassa e grãos

Abstract

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a crop of great economic and social importance, due to the nutritional value of its grains and its intense use in human and animal feeding. Although there is little knowledge of the high crude protein content in peanut leaves and branches, there is little technical information on cultivars, cutting times on the area for phytomass production and what is expected of grain production. The objective of this study is to test peanut cultivars of erect and prostrate growth and cut - off periods on phytomass and grain yield. Two plantations were carried out. The first planting was a randomized complete block design, with a 4x2x2 sub-plot scheme, four cultivars, with and without cut, with and without Stimulate® phytostimulant. The cultivars were composed of IAC Tatu ST and Caiana (vertical growth), IAC 886 and IAC 503 (prostrate growth), with cut (flowering) and without crop (harvest), with and without the use of commercial Stimulate® phytostimulant. The second plantation was the randomized block design, with a 3x2x2 sub - plot scheme, three cultivars with and without phytoestimulator, with and without cut. The cultivars were IAC Tatu ST and Caiana (vertical growth) and IAC 503 (prostrate growth), with cut (flowering) and blunt (harvest), with and without the use of commercial Stimulate® phytostimulant. The cutting to obtain phytomass of the aerial part was carried out in the flowering of the crop to 15 cm of the soil, the yield of grains was realized in the period of maturation of the cultivars. The chemical bromatological analyzes were done in duplicate by treatment. The cultivar IAC 503 showed potential for the variables aerial part mass (MVPA), aerial dry mass (MSPA), biological yield (RB), straw yield (PR) and crop growth rate (TCC) in the absence of cut in both summer and winter. The cultivars IAC 503, IAC 886 were productive in the absence of cutting during the summer. The cultivar Caiana presented good vegetative and reproductive performance in the absence of the cut in both summer and winter. All the cultivars that received cut presented high percentage of hay protein in both plantations. The levels of NDF and ADF were higher in plants that were not cut. The cultivar IAC 503 showed to be efficient in the production of protein, oil, fiber, as well as grain yield and in the two plantations.