Suplementação com leguminosas sobre o desempenho e característica da carcaça de caprinos em crescimento no semiárido

Abstract

Currently the goat meat is one of the most sought after in the market for its nutritional attributes, most breeders of goats are located in semi-arid region with Caatinga vegetation and keeps these animals for long periods of time before being slaughtered. Offering to the market, meats older animals, that can penalize the gustatory attributes of the meat. With irregular rainfall, characteristic of semiarid also comes the low availability of forage mass available. Thus, supplementation strategies to meet the nutritional requirements of gain are important. Aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with legumes hay of the leucena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam) and sabiá (Mimosa caesapiniifolia Benth) associated or not the forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera - Salm Dyck), on the performance and the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass of goats in growth and kept at pasture in the semiarid. The experiment was conducted in the Estação de Desenvolvimento e Difusão de Tecnologia Rurais do Sertão Alagoano located in Piranhas, Alagoas Station. We used 30 male goats, castrated, no breed standard defined, divided into two groups according to body weight. The experimental period lasted 105 days, divided into five sub-periods of 21 days each, aimed at adjusting the supplementation. The animals were kept in a grazing system with vegetation Caatinga area corresponding to 37 ha . The supplement was made with 1% based on the weight of dry matter. The animals were divided into five treatments: T1 - grazing at will without supplementation, T2 - hay leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit.), T3 - hay leucena + forage cactus T4 - hay sabiá (caesalpiniifolia Mimosa Benth) , T5- hay sabiá + forage cactus (Opuntia fincus-indica Mill). The chemical-bromatological analysis was performed in the Laboratório de nutrição animal (LANA) of the Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns. The animals supplemented with hay + leucaena forage cactus obtained better results ( P < 0.05 ) for the weight of reconstituted ham that animals from the other groups . The MI treatment of animals 3 was more similar to those of Treatment 2 plus 5 different ( P <0.05 ) than the other treatments. The treatments and the blocks did not affect ( P > 0.05 ) the evaluated quality characteristics . The animals of the treatment 3 and 2 obtained similar results , but treatment 3 had the best averages for the other , with scores between rectilinear and convex , a result that would be satisfactory for livestock grazing in semiarid region , which have the characteristics of traveling great distances in search of food , thus generating a very high energy expenditure . The average daily gain (ADG ) in kg / day this was considered satisfactory for the sustainability of the system , therefore the animals that consumed the supplement with hay legumes as a protein source and girl palm as a source of energy obtained gains were supplemented up to six times greater than non-supplemented animals ( P < 0.05 ), which remained virtually maintenance addition, it was also possible to increase hot carcass yield , thus enhancing the product to be marketed , with higher yields prime cuts as palette , loin and ham ( P < 0.05 ) . Considering the shank and lamb as cuts first you may notice that the treatment has 3, 43.96 % yield cuts first against 35.61 % for animal treatment 1 that were not supplemented.