Aplicação de um bioproduto composto por biofloco e levedura na nutrição do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The present study aimed to develop a bioproduct composed of biofloc flour and yeast and use it as a substitute ingredient to fish meal in the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei feeding. The first chapter of this study evaluated the zootechnical performance of L. vannamei post larvae after gradual replacement of fishmeal by the proposed bioproduct up to 100%. Treatments were identified as BL0, BL10, BL50, BL70, BL90, BL 100 and a treatment with commercial ration totaling seven treatments with three replicates. Diets were prepared with 40% crude protein. As results, BL70 treatment, with 70% replacement, responses of weight gain, final weight and specific growth rate were equivalent to treatments with control group (BL0) and commercial rations. This indicates that the application of the bioproduct in substitution for fish meal can be made up to 70% without causing any negative change in the growth and survival of L. vannamei post larvae. The second chapter of this thesis evaluates the digestibility of formulated diets with the bioproduct also in increasing percentage replacement to fish meal, this time for L. vannamei juveniles, with the treatments BL0, BL10, BL30, BL50, BL70, BL100 and a treatment composed by commercial ration totalizing seven treatments with three replicates. The rations were formulated with 35% crude protein and containing in their composition chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as an inert marker. The evaluation of rations digestibility indicated that the apparent digestibility of dry matter (CDAMS) was better in rations with up to 50% of fish meal replacement by the bioproduct, compared to the commercial ration and equivalent to the control ration. No statistical difference were found between treatments for crude protein digestibility (CDAPB). The energy digestibility (CDAEB) was equivalent to the control ration in treatments up to 70% replacement. Amino acid digestibility (CDAAA) of BL100 ration was higher for most amino acids when compared to control group (BL0) ration, except for lysine, that was higher in BL50 ration. Methionine, tyrosine and total amino acids analysis, there were no difference between treatments. These results indicate the possibility of replacing fishmeal by the bioproduct by up to 50% without compromising the nutrients absorption. The present work has also generated a patent of invention deposited in the National Institute of Industrial Property INPI, whose identification number is BR 10 2017 022794 4 and is entitled "Ração para aquicultura contendo bioproduto composto por uma mistura de biofloco e levedura", in evaluation process. The invention relates to the process of formulation and production of the feed containing the bioproduct.