Hospedabilidade de plantas medicinais aos nematoides das galhas

Abstract

Currently Phytonematoids are one of the main factors limiting the productivity of cultivated plants, and have caused great concern about the health and quality of medicinal plants. Among them, due to the high degree of parasitism, the species of the genus Meloidogyne, popularly known as gnath nematodes, stand out. One of the most effective forms of control is the use of resistant cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate 40 genotypes of medicinal plants for nematode resistance of gall (Meloidogyne spp.). The work was divided in two stages, in the first three independent experiments were performed on the reaction of medicinal plants propagated by seeds to M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica. All were carried out under greenhouse conditions in the Agronomy Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates and 20 treatments. Commercial seeds of mastruz, dill, coriander, fennel, parsley, chamomile, artichoke, mustard, melissa, basil green, basil purple, basil ruby, basil lemon, marjoram, oregano, sage, thyme, rue, chilli pepper and chilli pepper were seeded in trays containing a substrate based on carbonized pinus bark. At 21 days after sowing, the substrate was inoculated with Meloidogyne spp., the inoculum had a concentration of 1.500 eggs / mL. At 45 days after inoculation, the evaluations were performed for the following characteristics: number of galls per root system (NG), number of eggs per root system (NO) and reproduction factor (RF). The obtained data were transformed using the square root, and were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5%. For M. enterolobii the susceptible genotypes were chilli pepper, chilli pepper, lemon basil, green basil, dill, purple basil and coriander. The resistant genotypes were fennel, parsley, rue, and sage. For M. incognita the susceptible genotypes were artichoke, purple basil, rue, cambuci pepper, coriander, chilli pepper, green basil and lemon basil. The genotypes classified as resistant were sage, dill and thyme. For M. javanica 13 genotypes behaved as susceptible, cambuci pepper, melissa, mustard, chilli pepper, lemon basil, green basil, coriander, fennel, artichoke, dill, marjoram, chamomile and mastruz. They behaved as resistant, parsley, oregano, thyme and sage. Parsley, sage and thyme were resistant to the three species of Meloidogyne and could be used as a source of resistance genes to Meloidogyne spp.. In the second stage of this study, three other independent experiments were carried out to evaluate 20 genotypes of medicinal plants propagated by stem cutting to M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica. The objective was to find in the genotypes of medicinal plants evaluated sources of resistance to Meloidogyne spp. The experiments were carried out between July 2017 and May 2018. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and 20 treatments. The reaction was evaluated in the justice, chambá, ampicillin, vinca, artemisia, arnica, boldo baiano, cana monkey, fortune, blackberry, mint, mint, basil mint, mint, variegated mint, common goblet, Chinese goblet, myrrh, atypt and lemongrass, M. enterolobii, M. javanica and M. incognita. The vegetative material for the production of the cuttings came from matrices located in the Medicinal Garden of UFRPE, stakes measuring, on average, 15 cm were placed to rooting in trays of 36 cells, containing substrate based on carbonized pinus bark, and when rooted were transferred to individual plastic containers. At 25 days after sowing the inoculation of the substrate with 4.000 eggs of Meloidogyne spp. At 45 days after inoculation, the plants were removed for evaluation of the characteristics, number of galls, number of eggs and reproduction factor. For M. enterolobii the susceptible genotypes were Boldo baiano, mint, variegated mint, lemon balm, common goblet, lemon basil, chambá, fortune and variegated mint. The resistant genotypes were mint mint, arnica, Chinese boldo, Justicia and Myrrh. Atipim behaved as immune. For M. incognita the susceptible genotypes were Chinese goblet, variegated mint, mint mint, justice, mint, mulberry, Boldo baiano, ampicillin, myrrh, lemon balm, chambá and macaque cane. The genotypes classified as resistant were common goblet, small mint, fortune, mint, artemisia, arnica, vinca and attipim. For M. javanica, sweet basil, cane of monkey, mint, myrrh, mulberry, variegated mint, Boldo baiano, lemon balm, Chinese boldo, atipim and chambá were behaved as susceptible. They behaved as resistant, peppermint, ampicillin, small mint, artemisia, vinca and common boldo. They were considered immune, arnica, Justicia and fortune. Artemisia, vinca, small mint and arnica were resistant and could be used in infested areas, in systems of consortium and / or crop rotation in order to reduce the pathogen population in the soil.