Influências das agriculturas sobre a avifauna no semiárido de Pernambuco : percepção voltada à etnoornitologia, agroecologia e conservação

Abstract

The birds and their populations have been impacted by a more economic aspects, in which different actions and human activities, among which agriculture has caused changes in the environments natural resources, which benefits or not certain species. This focused research Ethnoornithology was carried out in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, aiming to perception of the birds and the influences of (conventional and non-conventional) on local species, implications on wealth, composition, and maintenance, evaluating the most conservation of species. In the survey of perception, three associations with the largest number of associates and two groups of farmers: one with conventional (monoculture) and other non-conventional farming practices (agroforestry yard). Visits and applied forms and interviews were carried out semi-structured with 191 farmers in 131 residences. The knowledge (CEL) and farmers' perceptions of species, uses, attitudes, conflicts and relationships of benefits and losses of birds to the systems and vice versa, and increase / decrease of species. The lifting of avifauna considered the quotations of farmers and the records made by ornithologists in the region and in agricultural systems. It occurred in 18 rural properties in Jupi, considering three different environments (forest fragments, conventional and unconventional crops). The transect method and spot analysis were followed. Differences in perception between groups and bird registration by ornithologists were made through the analysis and statistical tests (chi-square, G, PERMANOVA, SIMPER, Kruskal- Wallis, Jaccard and Sorensen). Farmers have different CEL and perception influence attitudes and practices on species. Attitudes, uses, forms of conflict and causes of increase / decline were significant. The unconventional recognized birds in their systems and presented CEL and conservation. The conventional ones recognized more the birds tied to the use. Adoption of a type of agriculture and its practices influence predatory attitudes (persecution, hunting, deforestation) or conservationists (protection of nests) that conservation of species. Farmers did not recognize ecosystem functions that birds must play and the reciprocal contributions between birds and agroecosystems. Backyard environments and the natural ones were favorable to conservation and should be maintained and encouraged. Perception studies, considering the CEL and scientific technical knowledge (CTC) could contribute to policies management and conservation plans, educational and communicative processes, together with farmers and other actors involved in agricultural activities. Thus, stimulate and contribute to the development of social and sustainable agriculture, new science and paradigms that consider the agricultural areas integrated to a matrix of more agroforestry as important in the conservation of biodiversity, including local birdlife.