Um sistema didático para o desenvolvimento de habilidade de identificar álcoois com base na teoria de Galperin : uma proposta para a formação inicial de professores de química

Abstract

The research was carried out in the research line of teacher training and construction of teaching practices. The main objective was the investigating the process of forming the ability to identify alcohols in chemistry graduates. The set of actions to achieve it was developed around the following specific objectives: i) diagnosis of the problems associated with the difficulties of identifying alcohols; ii) structuring a Didactic System for the formation of the ability; and iii) evaluation of a didactic experience for the formation of this ability. The theoretical-methodological contribution used in the research was based on the Historical-Cultural Approach, especially in the Theory of Staged Assimilation of Mental Actions and Concepts, proposed by Piotr Yakovlevich Galperin (1902-1988), a Soviet medicine and psychologist who collaborated with Vigotski. The research was developed in a set of two classes, offered to two classes, from the discipline of Pedagogical Practice for Teaching of Chemistry II, of a Course of future Chemistry Teachers. The data were obtained through filming and questionnaires, which also served to diagnose the initial and final degrees of development of the ability. The training activity followed the planning proposed in a Didactic System, associated with a set of problems, aimed at facilitating the execution and control of the process of internalization of the alcohol concept, following the stages of the cognitive cycle proposed by Galperin. The low level of ability development, initially detected, underwent qualitative changes throughout the intervention. However, its robustness after a period of two months showed that the ability to identify alcohols continued to exert a good degree of development in only half of the subjects who participated in the intervention.