Análise do atendimento aos requisitos ambientais : um múltiplo estudo de caso nas indústrias de cerâmica vermelha do Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

The red ceramic industry represents great importance in the construction works, as it provides materials such as tiles, blocks and bricks, widely used for cultural reasons as well as being a low cost material with high added value as the acoustic properties, thermal insulation, among others. Therefore, failure to comply with environmental legislation causes legal penalties, and increases the financial costs of the industry, such as the waste of materials, compromising competitiveness and the image of the organization in the market. The general objective of the present work was to analyze the practices of the Red Ceramics Industry of Pernambuco regarding the legal and environmental management requirements from the survey of the environmental impacts and elaboration of an environmental checklist. The methodology consisted in surveying the environmental aspects and impacts in the Red Ceramic Industry in the manufacture of the ceramic block, research and survey of minimum requirements and legislation and environmental management, elaboration of questionnaires relating to requirements and compliance with minimum environmental legislation and face-to-face application in 11 red ceramic industries qualified in the Quality Sector Program (PSQ) of the state of Pernambuco, as well as a survey of good environmental practices. During the research, it was possible to evaluate compliance with the environmental requirements of legal documentation, control of hazardous substances, water use, residual waters, solid residue, residue destination, atmospheric and noises emissions, thermal energy consumption, environmental training and environmental management. As a result was evidenced as critical water use requirements, with average performance of 62%, solid waste requirement, atmospheric and noises emissions requirement, with an average performance of 57%, the energy requirement, as only 2 (two) companies achieved performance of 60%, the requirement for environmental training and environmental management system, in which only two industries showed 100% performance and all the industries surveyed do not have an environmental management program documented and implemented. However, it was observed as good environmental practices that 100% of the industries meet the requirements of legal documentation, the control of dangerous substances and the containment system of the contaminated effluent and treatment system of the contaminated liquid effluent, the reuse of nonconforming product of the burning, implantation of internal selective collection in almost all industries, compliance with acceptable levels of atmospheric emissions and also the use as an energy input of fabric residues, and reuse of the ash residues of furnaces in the mass (trace) used in the manufacture of ceramic blocks, reducing the consumption of natural resources.