Resiliência de solos do agreste pernambucano com pastagem sob ação de poliacrilamida

Abstract

The compaction of the agricultural soil is of great importance, because it causes a modification of the physical environment in which the crop develops. The objective of this research was to compare degraded pasture areas subjected to the action of polyacrylamide-based polymers, taking as comparative reference areas under contiguous forest, under the same soil, evaluating the improvement of their physical quality, by means of physical-water attributes , in an area of the municipality of Garanhuns / PE. The work was developed in two subareas, different from each other in terms of management. The first area consists of regenerated forest and will serve as a control (MR). The other area presents grazing pasture already implanted and degraded (compaction) called (PD). In each area there were two treatments - with and without polymer. Each treatment had an area of 16 m x 16 m (256 m2), which were subdivided into smaller areas (4 x 4 m), randomly drawn in eight plots to collect samples via volumetric rings. In each plot, there was again draw between rows and columns, using a 0.20 x 0.20 m mesh. Polyacrylamide-based anionic polymer (PAM) was used. The dose applied in the liquid state was 0.001% calculated on the basis of mass, applied twice in the area. Nine rings were collected in each plot, totaling 288 rings throughout the experiment and 320 aggregates were collected. The chemical attributes determined were: pH and organic matter content. The physical-hydraulic attributes evaluated were: granulometric analysis, aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil and particle density, soil water retention characteristic, total soil porosity and pore size distribution, tensile strength aggregates and soil resistance to root penetration. In general, the values of soil chemical attributes did not show significant variation among the different uses, with and without polymer application. Among the physical-water attributes, the soil granulometry presented a high sand content, between 71 and 82%; The application of PAM indicates an improvement in the structural condition of the soils, verified by the significant growth in the weighted average diameter (MPD); The subarea of forest had higher hydraulic conductivity than that of grazing independent of the application of the polymer; Regarding the CCRAS, the pasture area with polymer application had lower energy than the gravity force, causing drainage greater than the grazing area without polymer, caused by the rearrangement of the particles through the action of PAM. At 1 kPa, the grazing area with polymer retained a greater amount of water; The porosity of the soil under wood without polymer was higher (46.27%) when compared after application of the polymer (43.53%). Anthropic use and cattle trampling increased compaction of the soil in the pasture; As for RT, the addition of PAM increased the rupture strength of the aggregates analyzed in the two subareas; The use of PAM increased RP in the two subareas. It is concluded that the application of PAM in the area of degraded pasture increased the stability of its aggregates, favoring the retention of water, contributing to the improvement of soil quality.