Manejo florestal comunitário e otimização da produção madeireira em floresta de várzea no estuário do Rio Amazonas

Abstract

One of the main challenges for managers and researchers is to reconcile economic development and preserve ecological functions of ecosystems. For this purpose, one of the main mechanisms used is community forest management (CFM), based on the assumption of conserving and maintaining forests through use, associated with social, economic and environmental development. This thesis was developed with the objective of studying the CFM and to propose optimization methods for using wood products in lowland forest in Amapá, Amazonia, Brazil, and is structured into four chapters. The first one had the objective of characterizing CFM in Amapá through the perception of the different actors involved, analyzing their strengths, opportunities, threats and weaknesses identified by lack of entrepreneurship training and competitiveness with other economic activities. The main strengths are related to the low human intervention in the landscape and the management serving as a form for maintaining the forest cover. The main opportunity refers to the large number of areas available for forest management. Finally, the main threat is unfair competition from illegally harvested timber. Among the community initiatives in the state of Amapá, one that stands out is the project in the agro-extractive settlement of the lower Maracá, which is the focus of the other chapters. The second chapter aimed at stratifying the volume production of commercial trees and proposing regulation of forest production through the BDq method, creating different management scenarios aiming at a regulated and valued forest. Three classes of inventory were obtained, with classes I and II grouped by 10 Work Units (WUs) each, and class III grouped into 16 WUs. Revenues of R$45,132.60, R$73,148.53 and R$158,377.97 were estimated in classes I, II and III, respectively; and production at volumes of 1,024.03; 1,536.35 and 3,354.71 m3. Finally, considering the balanced structure and greater economic return, it was possible to indicate the best management scenarios among the 54 simulated scenarios. In the third chapter a geostatistical approach was used to delimit production zones in an area under CFM in order to analyze the spatial dependence of the wood volume to make estimates of these in non-sampled points. The volume analyzed by the variographic modeling showed intermediate spatial dependence and the Gaussian model presented the best fit, making it possible to identify the zones of greater and smaller volumes. In the fourth chapter, the aim was to propose a mathematical model to position the optimum location of small sawmills to meet the logging production in a lowland area under CFM, in which it was possible to obtain an optimized location to attend the local community production. In this context, with the understanding of the community management situation in Amapá, it was possible to propose ways to optimize timber production through planning techniques that aid in decision making and contribute to promote and improve timber production, based on the analysis of models to optimize exploitation of the timber resource, focusing on the role of rural producers as forest managers and empowering communities in order to improve their socioeconomy.