Análise da cadeia produtiva da castanha de caju com ênfase no beneficiamento e comercialização da amêndoa na Guiné-Bissau

Abstract

Cashew production chain features two great complementary markets, one of cashew nuts in shell (CCC) and another almond cashew nut (ACC). CCC market there is a large number of sellers and few buyers, while there are few providers of ACC and many buyers. The two markets differ with regard to competitiveness in the supply and demand, as well as in relation to the financial returns. In recent years, there has been improvements in production processes and the consequent influx of some countries in ACC market, seeking to ensure better economic and financial returns. Whereas the unimpressive performance of Guinea-Bissau in the processing of cashew nuts and derivatives between 2006-2013 and idle capacity of 8.2% of factories, this research aims to identify possible critical factors chain and industrial segment in particular. To answer the objectives proposed, the analysis model of cashew production chain and derivatives (MACPCCD) based on the theories of analysis of agroindustrial production chain, from a systemic approach that allows you to analyze the sector through two factors. : Internal factors-objectives and governance; education, technical assistance, and financial management, associations, cooperatives and transport infrastructure, water and energy; as well as external factors such as socio-cultural, economic, political--legal, environmental and technological. For analysis of the competitive potential of the chain, we used the VRIO models and SWOT. For the collection and analysis of data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the leaders/managers of the cashew sector of Guinea-Bissau and farmers/landowners. Was also made documentary survey. Data were analyzed by means of the technique of content analysis of interviews and documents. It was noted that the unimpressive performance of the industrial sector of cashews and derivatives must, among other factors, by the absence of medium-and long-term credit which affect the ability to invest in the acquisition of raw material required for formation of annual stock of the factories, in the acquisition of supplies and services. High direct and indirect costs structure result of inefficiency of transport infrastructures, high levels of taxes, import of technical and specialized labor force, have discouraged investors and raised the price of almond and cajuína. The investment is also affected by the lack of strategic planning, policies and laws for the sector, but also by the disorganization of the agents in the field and industry. However, it was identified that the political scenario of the country has placed the business environment at high levels of risk and uncertainty, weakening of public and private institutions and consequent restriction of access to working capital. The low level of training of producers, not adoption of best practices in the cultivation, harvest and storage as well as the absence of impact directly and indirectly, in performance of the field, putting at risk the operation of the whole chain, once that impact on the productivity and quality of raw materials, which by your time directly affects the activities of the industry. It is believed, therefore, that this work may serve as a basis for future academic and scientific research. However, it is recommended to carry out empirical research able to correlate precisely the impact of studied factors on the performance of the chain and of the industrial sector and include variables such as the exchange rate, interest rates and production export of CCC and ACC.