Educação escolar indígena em Pernambuco : interculturalidade, retomadas e sujeitos indígenas

Abstract

This paper dealt with the relationship between the indigenous populations in Pernambuco with the state, in the view of the institution of indigenous people in their lands. It has the aim to investigate, after almost five centuries of indigenous socio-cultural and traditional lands exploration and pillaging, the indigenous ethnic group in Pernambuco, outraged by the omission of the Brazilian nation-state in relation to land rights in a context favourable to redemocratization, at the end of the military dictatorship, it has revealed a historical resistance when announcing their ethnic names and occupying and retaking significant portions of such lands, with the support of the civil society indigenist organizations and universities, which came to be called “retaking”. These events have been analysed through a descolonial perspective, when indigenous ethnic groups broke out “retaking” actions in many different fields. This paper developed itself in the indigenous school education field, and it is supported by theorists whose researches are based on the nation-state and its relationship with education and the discourses produced at the core of intercultural relation which have resulted in the normalizations that institute the specific, differentiated, and intercultural school system, from which the indigenous ethnic groups in Pernambuco have been debating with the state, aiming the implementation of its ethnic education systems in the twelve ethnic groups which have resisted and remain active in the state. The institution of the indigenous political subject, which have come into action since the 1970s, but especially after the 1988 Federal Constitution, implied in the recognition of the indigenous ethnic groups’ representations and collective rights, which have increased the legal norms regarding the indigenous school education. From the Ball and Bowe’s methods, the Cycle of Policies, I analyse such period. This paper revealed that from indigenous collective representations, such as Apoinme and Copipe, and their leaderships, the indigenous ethnic groups have developed strategies of confrontation before the state’s monoculture norms in many negotiation and clash arenas, elaborating against discourses which announce set forth their imagination of the future, through an Indigenous Pedagogical Political Project.