Análise do desempenho sustentável dos sistemas de esgotamento sanitário municipais de Pernambuco

Abstract

Considering the importance of the sustainable development in the present day and the environmental and social problems faced by humanity in front of a model of development based on economic growth at the expense of social and environmental issues, stands out the importance of the study of sustainable performance to achieve sustainability. In this scenario, the preservation of water resources is necessary to avoid water shortage crisis as has occurred in Brazil in 2014 and avoid the proliferation of diseases caused by the pollution of this natural resource and other disorders caused to mankind by the lack of basic sanitation. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a analysis of the sustainable performance of sanitary sewage systems of Pernambuco. To this end, it adopts an exploratory-descriptive approach based on National Sanitation Information System (NSIS) to promote a statistical analysis of the data contained on this basis, thus correlation analyzes were performed between sewage system variables and a multivariate cluster analysis of a set of indicate similarities among the sewage system of 45 counties analyzed. The results show the fact of Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR) presents the most worrisome indicators of performance of the state, so that most of cities make up group 1, worst among the groups of terms of sanitary sewage, with exception of the city of Recife that presented a high level of investment in the sector. In addition, the findings indicate that clusters 2, 3 and 5 present disparities in access to sanitary sewage services between urban and rural areas, and therefore require the formulation of public policies to expand sanitation services to serve rural populations and thus promoting the universalization of access. Cluster 4, in turn, is the first among the groups analyzed with regard to sewage services, but despite its good sanitary sewage rates, it needs improvements in urban sewage treatment. Finally, it is concluded that the sanitary sewage collection index presents poor performance in most clusters, followed by the sewerage system extension, total service and sewage treatment indicators, in this way perceives the need for public policies focused on the sanitary sewage collection process and that such policies are accompanied by improvements in the rates of extension of the sanitary sewage system and sewage treatment in order to promote greater urban and total sanitary sewage service with a view to universal access. These priority measures, combined with programs to stimulate the elaboration and implementation of Municipal Sanitation Plans, encourage investment in the sector and provide for the systematic planning of sanitation actions, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS) proposed by Agenda 2030 of UN and for the sustainable development of the state of Pernambuco.