Fatores de risco associados à lentivirose em rebanhos caprinos do Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

This research was conducted in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, to determine the prevalence of seropositive goats for Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (LVPR)/caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in dairy herds and breeding herds, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with this infection. Between May 2011 to April 2012, 1532 blood samples of goats from 77 herds (49 on farms, and 28 genetical enhancement) were collected in the three geographic regions of the state - Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed by agarose gel immunodiffusion assay with p28 antigen, CAEV. Seroprevalence in animals was 13.7% (210/1532) [12; 15.4%] and in infected herds to 66.2% (51/77) [55.7; 76.8%], with 73.5% (36/49) [61.1; 85.8%] in dairy farms and 53.6% (15/28) [35.1; 72%] in properties of expressive genetic value. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors were: Importing breeder from another State (OR = 8.86 [2.87; 27.38]), geographic region: Sertão (OR = 5.64 [1.24; 25.70), herd> 133 animals (OR = 4.17 [2.05; 8.49]), did not isolate the animals (OR = 2.58 [1.50; 4.45]) and participation in fairs or agglomerations (OR = 2.08 [1.33; 3.25]). The prevalence rates show that caprine arthritis encephalitis is present in goat breeding in the state of Pernambuco. The identified risk factors (animals raised in Sertão, acquisition of animals and agglomeration of animals) are related to the movement of animals. An analysis of the non-Brazilian lentivirus situation allows us to identify two distinct epidemiological areas, a high prevalence (Southeast) and a low prevalence (Northeast). From this perspective, it can be inferred that the flow of animals has been from the area of high prevalence to the low prevalence, thus compromising herd health with regard to caprine arthritis encephalitis. In view of the epidemiological situation, the first step is to mitigate the disease and control the traffic.