História e filosofia da ciência no ensino de química : um estudo de caso em duas escolas públicas estaduais de ensino médio na cidade de Campina Grande - PB

Abstract

This research is the result of a qualitative investigation , its aim is to analyze how History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) is being approached - HPS in teaching Chemistry during High School, in the day shift in two public schools from Campina Grande city area. This research went through methodological ways of agreement and disagreement, it was necessary two steps in order to analyze it. The first step was a survey regarding HPS in teaching Chemistry during High School, it was based on samples given by the teachers from both schools, a semi-structured questionnaire was used as instrument of analysis, this questionnaire goal was choosing the people to take part of the study case. In the second survey, after selecting the teachers to be searched in the study case, the survey had three parameters of analysis. The first one is related to the analysis of official documents from the researched schools; the second one is related to pedagogical didactic strategies adopted by the teachers regarding historic and philosophical matters in the field of natural science, with emphasis in Chemistry, it is extremely necessary direct observation of classes from the teachers mentioned previously, registered in video; and the third step is the understanding that teachers of chemistry has about the insertion of HPS on their own pedagogical practices ,an interview script is used in order to establish a triangulation in the data analysis. The results show that the teachers see HPS as relevant to the teaching of chemistry in High school, nevertheless with exception related to priority, on the other hand, it was noticed that the speech is still presented on the teachers’ speech regarding the lack of interest of the students regarding the theme. However, it was noticed the lack of information from the teachers as well , when dealing with historic and philosophical affairs in the field of natural science, using teaching episodes , using authority arguments toward scientific knowledge. Thus, we infer that the insertion of elements from HPS during the formation of chemistry teachers in High School, during graduation and ongoing formation, it will give support to the teachers to discuss this theme deeply , as well as both critical and reflexive analysis regarding the elaboration of the syllabus in Chemistry during High School.