A dimensão ambiental da temática água no exame nacional do ensino médio

Abstract

The present research had as objective to understand how the environmental dimension of the water theme is present in the questions of the National High School Examination - ENEM. This study was based on a documentary investigation of ENEM issues, having as epistemological cut the years 2009 - 2015. A total of 1440 questions were analyzed, of these 3.71% belong to the water theme, in light of the above, we seek from these questions those that Brought the environmental dimension, totaling 55.7% of the issues pertaining to the water theme and 1.6% of the total issues; These questions were selected following the description of the skills and abilities of the areas of knowledge that are present in the Reference Matrix of the ENEM 2009, the matrix of the year 2009 was chosen because it is the basis of the other matrices. With these results in hand, we come to the following question: How is the environmental dimension of the water theme present in the ENEM issues? Several issues are addressed in relation to water, among which we highlight: pollution, waste and sanitation. The ENEM issues of this subject were submitted to the methodology of content analysis Bardin (1979), we understand the abilities that these questions require of the candidates; For this we use the general ENEM skills described by Núñez and Ramalho (2011), being the recognition ability, more found in our analysis. We also verified that the identities of Conservative and Critical Environmental Education are more numerous in the issues analyzed.