A aprendizagem baseada em problemas : uma análise da implementação na disciplina de tecnologia da informação e comunicação no ensino de química

Abstract

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a method that makes use of a real problem that precedes the theory and arises in opposition to the conventional methods that put an application problem at the end of an expositive class of a certain content. This work, an intervention research of a qualitative nature, sought to investigate the contributions and limitations of the implementation of problem-based learning in the discipline of Information and Communication Technology in the teaching of Chemistry offered in the undergraduate curriculum of the degree course in Chemistry of a federal public university in Recife, PE. The data were collected through participant observation of the classes and tutorial sessions, using the video recording technique, collection of documents and questionnaires answered by the students at the end of the implementation, in which they expressed their opinions about the PBL, its advantages and disadvantages as well How they self-assessed and assessed the performance of their peers. Sixteen students duly enrolled in the subject participated in the study. From the analysis of the data it was possible to verify that during the process with the PBL the students were making more conscious choices of use of the ICT in the teaching of Chemistry, presenting proposals of use with a more collaborative and contextualized bias. In this sense, most of the students stated that working with the PBL favored critical thinking, which brought them closer to the school scene as a teacher and that putting themselves in a real classroom situation to solve the problem was what More contributed to the learning process and through the challenge managed to think of different ways of integrating ICT in the teaching of Chemistry. However, as limitations, they pointed out the time spent with the method as a negative factor and the difficulty of adapting the ICT to be used to the content of Chemistry. At the moment of the self-assessment regarding the attitudes and skills important to the professional life they considered as excellent the fact that the PBL favored a group work in which they knew to respect the opinions of others with ethics, flexibility, interest, empathy, proactivity, collaboration/cooperation, The development of self-assessment, the ability to perform independent study, the fact of having established integration with other disciplines and self-regulated work. Regarding their peers and using the excellent descriptor the highlights were ethics, empathy, flexibility, curiosity and peer leadership, as well as independent study, teamwork and planning. In this way, the PBL proved to be efficient as a methodological resource to promote a formative process that favors the reflection of different forms of ICT use, allowing a more active participation of the students and bringing them closer to a real context of use.