Fenologia de espécies arbóreas na floresta atlântica : influência de fatores abióticos e bióticos

Abstract

A great diversity of tree species in the Atlantic Forest results in different and complex vegetative patterns (fall and budding) and reproductive (flowering and flowering). In spite of the phenological complexity registered in the arboreal communities of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, there is still little phenological information, especially regarding the influence of biotic and abiotic factors and climatic seasonality on phenological patterns. The objective of this study was to analyze the phenological behavior of an Atlantic Forest tree community, through data on vegetative and reproductive phenophases, correlating them with the abiotic factors (precipitation, temperature, photoperiod) and biotic factors (wood density And amount of saturated water from the stem and root). We hypothesized that there are different phenological groups in relation to stem and root density; That species with high wood density and low amount of saturated water have their vegetative phenomena and flowering related to precipitation and that species of low wood density and high amount of saturated water present the phenofases of flowering and flowering independent of the precipitation and dependent on the photoperiod . The study was carried out at the State Park of Dois Irmãos (PEDI) located northwest of the city of Recife - PE, during 12 months the phenophases of 46 species distributed in 281 individuals were observed in an area of 40 × 250 m. Spearman's correlation between phenophases and abiotic factors, circular analysis in the statistical Oriana software, non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVAs) to verify the number of groups, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and a principal component analysis (PCA) and finally canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). 94%, 93%, 40% and 35% of individuals sprouted, lost leaves, flowered and fruited, respectively. The highest peaks of leaf sprouting and leaf fall occurred during the period of low precipitation. For flowering the highest peak occurred at the end of the dry season. 57% of the species have high density of stem and root wood. Three phenological groups were identified, group 1 with high density species, group 2 with most low density species and group 3 also with low density species, but with vegetative and reproductive patterns distinct from the others. The environmental variables significantly influenced feathers in the phenomena of leaf fall and flowering of the groups. The first hypothesis was partially corroborated, since only flowering was triggered by precipitation. The second one was confirmed, because species of low density of wood sprouted and they flourished independent of the precipitation.Keywords: Budding; Density of wood; Flowering; Tropical forest; Fruiting; Quantity of water saturated in wood; Fall foliage.