Estrutura da comunidade de plantas do refúgio de vida silvestre mata de miritiba : componente arbóreo e epitífico

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation represents one of the greatest challenges of the end of the century. The creation and implementation of Conservation Units is one of the best strategies to protect natural attributes and patrimony. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the composition and structure of the forest by means of the phytosociological parameters, to classify the species according to the ecological group, dispersion syndrome, to identify the forophytes and to quantify the epiphytes; to relate the structure of the forophytes with the presence of epiphytes of the Mata de Miritiba Wildlife Refuge in Abreu e Lima, Pernambuco. To this study 60 plots (10 m x 25 m) were distributed in 15 transects (100.0 m) through of four Environments (I, II, III and IV), obeying the distance edge of the dam, where: AI (0-10 m), AII (30-40 m), AIII (60-70 m) and AIV (90-100 m) away from the reservoir. Height and height were estimated for individuals with CAP greater than or equal to 15 cm (CAP1.30 m ≥ 15 cm). There were 760 individuals, 29 families and 53 species in the AI; 849 individuals, 29 families and 53 species in AII; 789 individuals, 31 families and 55 species in AIII; and 824 individuals, 29 families and 59 species in AIV. As for the ecological groups, in the four Environments, most species belong to the group of the initial secondary ones. As for the syndrome of dispersion, most are zoocorical. Eight forophytes and 14 epiphytes were found in the AI; in AII there were 14 forophytes and 14 epiphytes; in the AIII three forophytes and three epiphytes; and in AIV seven forophytes and 66 epiphytes. The diversity index was in AI, AII, AIII and AIV, respectively, 3.16; 3.09; 3.04 and 3.25 ind-1. The Density in AI, AII, AIII and AIV, respectively, were 2026.67; 2264.00; 2098.67 and 2200.00 ind.ha-1. The species Tapirira guianensis presented the highest values of density in the AI; higher frequency and dominance in the Environments I, II and III; and greater value of importance (VI) in the four Environments. Eschweilera ovata was the one with the highest density in the Environments II, III and IV; Brosimum aff lactensces more frequent in the AIV, and Parkia pendula had greater dominance in the AIV. Regarding the diametrical distribution and vertical structure, most environments were found in the first class of diameter and medium stratum of height. The species Tapirira guianensis and Eschweilera ovata were the most representative in the four environments because they presented themselves as anthropogenic pioneer in secondary forest. The species in the environments are well distributed in the area, presenting similar Environments, possibly without influence of the dam in the natural regeneration of the area. According to the successional classification, distribution of epiphytes, horizontal and vertical structure, the area is in the middle stage of succession.