Otimização da FBN e resposta antioxidativa do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) com e sem estresse salino

Abstract

In order to mitigate the deleterious effects of abiotic stress has been increasing the use of growth-promoting bacteria in plants in association with diazotrophic bacteria. Such association may promote a favorable environment for plant growth and lead to the increase of biological nitrogen fixation. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the synergism of the co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB as an alternative to optimize the symbiotic performance and development of cowpea with or without induction of saline stress, as well as to investigate the key enzymes in the BNF process related to nitrogen-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress/protection. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Agronomical Institute of Pernanbuco (IPA), with cowpea cv. "IPA 206" and were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (UFLA 03-84) and coinoculated with different strains of PGPB. In the first experiment the plants were cultivated under axenic conditions, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. Inoculated and coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. e 15 PGPB strains, being maintained with 50 mmol L-1 NaCl and without salt stress, using a randomized block design with (16 x 2) + 1 factorial arrangement, one inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and four co-inoculations with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB and one absolute control with three replications. In the second experiment, the experimental design was randomized blocks with (5 x 2) + 1 factorial arrangement and one absolute control with four replications. Several parameters related to symbiosis were measured, biochemical indicators related to nitrogen-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress/protection. The responses regarding the synergism of microorganisms, growth, nodulation and mechanisms of tolerance to salinity were observed in the plants coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium. sp. and Actinomadura sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Bacillus sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Streptomyces sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus graminis and Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus durus, were promising to optimize symbiotic performance and the development of cowpea cv. "IPA206". The salinity affected some parameters in the nitrogen-carbon metabolism in cowpea plants, showing a decrease in nodule total nitrogen, amino acids, free ammonia, ureides, proteins, and in the increase of sucrose and soluble sugars, as well as in the increase of sodium content, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity and decreased redox status of glutathione. Co-inoculation Bradyrhizobium sp. and Bacillus sp. in the cowpea cv. "IPA 206" provided better symbiotic performance, mitigating the deleterious effects of stress and was promising the response to oxidative stress.