Aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos de feridas cutâneas em ratos tratadas com extrato hidroalcoólico de ameixa-do-mato (Ximenia americana) a 10%

Abstract

Among the many medical plant used in folk medicine is the Ximenia americana that is caracterized by being a plant widely used in Brazil for the treatment of disease inflammatory and wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the healing activity of wounds with 10% Ximenia americana cream. The collect of Ximenia americana occurred in the municipality of Araçoiaba - PE, followed by drying and subsequent milling of the stem for preparation of the extract, which was incorporated into the lanette base. Were used 60 rats Wistar (Rattus norvergicus albinus) divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application) evaluated on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 postoperatively. Five replicates were used for each period. In each animal, two surgical wounds (right and left antimer) were performed leaving the adjacent muscle fascia exposed. The variables analyzed were wound contraction, blood vessel count, percentage of collagen fibers and degree of wound contraction. In the morphological analysis the following scores were evaluated: crust formation, re-cleaving area, inflammatory and granulation tissue. The phytochemical prospection analysis was done by Thin Layer Chromatography. The toxicity test evaluated the behavioral effects of the extract. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids in the extract. Regarding the macroscopic aspect, the wounds presented significant differences in relation to the aspect of the crust, which in the GTX was thicker and firmer, but it was not determinant to favor the contraction, which had no statistical difference between the groups, as well as the aspects morphometric. The toxicity test determined behavioral aspects such as piloerection, agitation and pallor indicating a possible action of the plant on the peripheral nervous system The study indicates that the Ximenia americana did not favor the contraction of the wounds even though it was identified in its extract metabolites that favor this process , however the amount of the metabolites can be influenced according to the climatic and geographical conditions, and the vegetables can present a varied chemical composition, being often little known.