Potencialidade de variedades viníferas para produção de vinhos finos na microrregião de Garanhuns-PE

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and quality characteristics of the must in varieties of Vitis vinifera L., as well as the genetic divergence between them. The varieties are: Chardonnay, Muscat Petit Grain, Sauvignon Blanc and Viognier (white wines) and Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot Noir, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir and Syrah (red wines), grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock were. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in Brejão-PE, and data from the second productive cycle were analyzed (August 2016 to January 2017). The design was randomized blocks with five replications and eight plants per plot. The phenotypic variability was evaluated for agronomic and must quality variables. It was evaluated: phenology (days) and thermal requirements (Day-degrees); bud sprouting (%) and bud fertility (bud sprout-1); (ha-1), number of bunches (bunch plant-1), bunch mass (g), bunch length and width (cm), volume of 100 berries (%), soluble solids (SS, ° Brix), pH, titratable acidity (AT,% tartaric acid) and SS/TA ratio. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey averages comparison test (p≤0.05). As a method of grouping, UPGMA and the analysis of canonical variables were used. Sprouting varied from 13.68 (Petit Verdot) to 81.6% (Sauvignon Blanc) and the fertility of 0.1 (Chardonnay) buds to 0.67 cherry bud-1 (Sauvignon Blanc). The length of the pruning cycle ranged from 133 days (Muscat Petit Grain) to 167 days (Merlot Noir), and the cumulative Degrees ranged from 1,684 GD (Muscat Petit Grain) to 2,070 GD (Merlot Noir). The bunch number ranged from five (Merlot Noir) to 29 plant-1 bunches (Sauvignon Blanc). 'Muscat Petit Grain' (160.2 g) stood out from the others for mass of curls, not differing from 'Syrah' and 'Malbec'. The varieties showed no difference in the length and width of bunches. For volume of 100 berries, 'Malbec' (216.0 ml) and 'Muscat Petit Grain' (213.6 ml) stood out. For the 'Sauvignon Blanc' (70.87%) yield, it stood out, not differing from 'Muscat Petiit Grain' (70,22%), 'Malbec' (64,31%) and 'Viognier' (69,79%). 'Muscat Petit Grain', 'Sauvignon Blanc', 'Viognier' (white wine), 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Malbec', 'Merlot Noir' and 'Syrah', PH (3.73, 3.90, 3.97, 3.68, 3.75, 3, 4, 6, 8, 50 and 3.86), AT (0.60, 0.57, 0.64, 0.77, 0.71, 0.59 and 0.54% tartaric acid) and the SS/AT ratio (36, 68, 40.29, 35.48, 29.31, 34.39, 39.42 and 42.28), respectively. The Muscat Petit Grain, Sauvignon Blanc (white wines) and Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah (red wines) varieties stood out in agronomic analysis and grape quality. From the analyzes of genetic divergence for the characteristics analyzed, it was possible to identify that the varieties are divergent.