A influência das variáveis ambientais na distribuição espaço-temporal do tubarão mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) no oceano atlântico sul e equatorial

Abstract

This work aims to contribute information on the spatiotemporal variation and its relationship to environmental variables and the weather also determine the impact on the distribution of species increase scenarios of sea surface temperature (SST). Were evaluated in this study the information on the Brazilian oceanic fisheries operating in the South Atlantic and Equatorial in the period 1978-2012 in order to generate information on catch rates per unit effort (CPUE) standard from a linear model Mixed generalized (GLMM) using a Delta Lognormal approach, to contribute to the correct evaluation of the stock. Based on the results it was observed that the standardized series of CPUE of the mako shark showed a trend of gradual increase, especially after the year 2000 and this trend is not clear, it may be related to several factors: a real increase in abundance, increase in catchability, change in fishing strategy or even an improvement in data communication. It was also observed that the mako shark shows temperature preferably in the South Atlantic and Equatorial in the range between 17 and 22 ° C the temperature showing the highest rate 19 ° C and its greater abundance located below 20 ° S in water away from the coast in the months of January and February, the months of May and June the lowest rates. Once dummy increased TSM was observed that with increasing by 1 ° C decreases by 3-5% 2 ° C 15-20% reduction of 3 ° C reduction by 25 and 28% and the abundance focusing on a area bounded between 30 ° S-35ºS / 40ºW-25ºW and 4 ° C increase the reduction of up to 96%. In this sense these results will be used to understand the spatial-temporal distribution and the proper assessment and management of the species.