Utilização do feno de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação

Abstract

The objective of was evaluate the use of Moringa oleifera in the swine diets in phases of growing and finishing were performed three experiments: Two metabolism tests and one performance. The purpose of the first experiment was to determine the chemical composition: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF), indigestible acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash (CZ), apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected apparent nitrogen balance (AME) and apparent digestibility of dry matter (CADDM), crude protein (CADCP), ether extract (CADEE), indigestible fiber detergent neutral (CDAFDN), indigestible acid detergent fiber (CADADF) and ash (CDACZ) Moringa oleifera hay (FM) for pigs in the growth phase using the total collection of feces and urine. Were used 14 male pigs castrated threecross (Landrace, Large White and Duroc), with a mean of 30 ± 3.0 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and seven repetitions. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a diet containing 20% replacement diet control by Moringa oleifera hay. Each animal consisted of an experimental plot. The second experiment consisted of a metabolism test that was conducted at Institute of Swine Research of Cuba, using eight barrows, average initial weight of 40 ± 3.04 kg, were distributed in 4 x 4 Latin square replicated. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of 0, 7, 14 and 21% of Moringa oleifera hay to the diets. The third experiment was a performance at Institute of Swine Research of Cuba in order to evaluate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), final weight (PF), development organs of the gastrointestinal tract, performance and carcass characteristics, and as the quality of pork in the finishing phase fed diets containing different levels of inclusion of Moringa oleifera hay. Were used 24 barrows with average weight 60.4 ± 1.45 kg. The design was completely randomized with five treatments six replications. The treatments were the same as those in the second digestibility test. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression at 5% probability. Moringa hay had showed 87.85% DM, 18.17% CP, 3.95% EE, 43.72% of NDF, 30.14% of FDA and 11, 39% of CZ. The AME and AME moringa hay were calculated in 1450 and 1422 kcal / kg, respectively. The apparent digestibility of the hay had 48.42% of CADDM, 21.16% of CADCP, 14.24% for CADEE, 26.13% of CDAFDN, 28.34% of CADADF and 29.17% of CDACZ. The moringa hay had showed apparent metabolizable energy 1422 kcal / kg for pigs in the growth phase. For the second experiment there was a decreasing linear effect of the inclusion of moringa hay on CADDM, CADCP, CADGE and CDAFDN rations. There was not significant effect of including moringa hay in the diet on the daily feed intake and total feed intake. For the final average weight was decreasing linear effect due to the inclusion of Moringa oleifera hay in the feed. There was a quadratic effect of the inclusion of moringa hay on the daily weight gain in the level with the highest average daily gain was 6.43%. For total weight gain there was a quadratic effect and the level of 6.48% provided the highest total weight gain. There was also a quadratic effect of the inclusion of moringa on feed conversion, with the level estimated at 6.96%. The absolute and relative weight of the stomach weight presented linear increase with the inclusion of moringa hay while the small intestine weight and length of the large intestine showed a quadratic effect and the greater weight of the intestine presented to the level of 10.71% including hay and the shorter length of the large intestine at the level of 11.6% inclusion. For slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight and yield of hot carcass was decreased linearly as a function of hay inclusion level in the diet. For the cutting performance and meat quality there was not significant effect. Moringa can be included in the diet of swine until 7% without showing prejudice to the performance, carcass yield and pork quality in growing and finishing phases.