Aptidão de cultivares de videira para produção de vinhos finos na microrregião de Garanhuns-PE : estudos iniciais

Abstract

The increasingly important viticulture is separating itself from the overall Brazilian fruit farming. This lucrative and versatile fruit has expanded exclusively from temperate regions to semi-arid regions. Garanhuns’ altitude micro-region presents conditions that distinguish it from the semi-arid region, allowing the production of grapes. My objective of this report is to evaluate the duration of the cycle in days and degrees-day, and the agronomic characteristics of the Vitis vinifera L. vine. Furthermore, I included the environment where they are planted, in order to identify cultivars with potential for fine wine production. With the research I have provided, I hope to contribute to the development and expansion of viticulture in the Northeast region. Ten cultivars Vitis vinifera L. grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock were evaluated. The experiment was located at the IPA experimental station in Brejão-PE, and data was collected in only one production cycle (September 2015 to February 2016). The cultivars were Muscat Petit Grain, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Viognier (white wines), and Petit Verdot, Malbec, Merlot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Syrah (red wines). The variables evaluated were: bunch mass (g), fresh berry mass (g), bunch length (cm), bunch width (cm), 100 berry volume (mL), soluble solid (SS, ° Brix), pH and titrated acidity (AT,% tartaric acid). The thermal requirements of each cultivar were characterized by the degrees accumulated in the cycle, from sprout to harvest. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications and plots of eight plants. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's range test (p≤0.01). The cultivars Muscat Petit Grain and Petit Verdot’s results were outstanding with the SS content of 18 ° and 21 ° Brix, 3,33 and 3,73 in pH and AT of 0,42% to 1,08% of tartaric acid. Additionally, the thermal demand during the cycle fluctuated from 1451 GD in Muscat Petit Grain to 1804 GD in Merlot Noir. Garanhuns’ climate is similar to temperate Mediterranean, which includes hot summers and winter rainfall (according to Köppen-Geiger climatic classification), and according to the CCM Geovitícola System its indexes are IH + 2, IF-2 and IS + 1. Currently, the results are preliminary and should be confirmed after several production cycles.