Estimativa de parâmetros genéticos na avaliação de clones de Pennisetum sp. sob pastejo

Abstract

The work was conducted at the Itambé Experimental Station of the Pernambuco State Agricultural Research Enterprise – IPA, to characterize clones and estimate heritability and character correlation, besides estimate repeatability coefficients and evaluate adaptability and stability of eye spot incidence in Pennisetum sp. clones under pasture. Sixteen Pennisetum sp. clones were studied under pasture at 42 days intervals, and after-grazing residual of 40 cm, under the randomized blocks design, with five replicates. Characters evaluated before grazing were forage availability, average plant height, disease incidence, desirability, uncovered soil, above and below 40 cm forage mass. Residual biomass above and below 40 cm, average plant height and losses were evaluated after grazing. Heritability was estimated on the ample sense, and averages were compared by theTukey test at five percent significance. Clones Taiwan A 25 P 18 (3.8), Pusa Napier 1 P 32 (1.8), SEA P 35 (1.8), SEA P 36 (3.4), SEA P 37 (3.2), RENACE CNPGL 93F41.1 (2.0), hybrids HV 241 (1.8) and Pioneiro (2.4) had the highest Helminthosporium susceptibility notes. Except for leaf production, below 40 cm residual biomass, and after grazing losses, all evaluated variables had highheritability value (64.75 to 93.40%). Choosing higher plants leads to simultaneous selection for higher above 40 cm forage mass, desirability, lower disease incidence and higher soil coverage index. Repeatability coefficients were estimated by: analysis of variance, principal components – correlation matrix, principal components – covariance matrix, and structural analysis – correlation matrix. Maximum heritability for leaf spot was 95 %. Repeatability coefficients by the four methods ranged from 0.75 to 0.78. With regards to genotype adaptability, Mineirão (0.31), Taiwan A 25 P 18 (0.50), SEA P 36 (0.28), SEA P 37 (0.38) and Gigante de Pinda P 73 (0.46) had regression coefficients below population average (β1i), indicating unfavorable environment adaptability. Genotypes Pusa Napier 1 P 25 (1.58), Pusa Napier 1 P 27 (1.55), Pusa Napier 1 P 28 (1.47), Pusa Napier 1 P 32(1.28), Pusa Napier 1 P 33 (1.22), SEA P 35 (1.60), HV 241 (1.41) and Pioneiro (1.36) had better response in favorable environments, and Pusa Napier 1 P 31 and Roxo de Botucatu P 80 had ample adaptability. Hybrid HV 241 and Pioneiro had significant deviations from regression by the F test (P<0.05), indicating instability and unpredictability to environmental alterations.