Detecção de metais pesados em leite integral cru de vacas criadas no agreste meridional do estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

Milk production is one of the most important Brazilian agribusiness production chains and contemporaneously, there is an increasing demand by increasing productivity, represented by the rise of technological improvement as well as providing various supplements. Given this scenario has occurred anthropogenic environmental contamination by heavy metals with high toxic potential animal and public health. This study aims to determine the concentration of lead, cadmium, copper, iron and zinc in completely raw bovine milk produced in Southern Wasteland of the state of Pernambuco. 147 samples of 15 ml each were collected from 14 farms randomly distributed between the spring and summer of 2013, which led to 735 analytical determinations. The samples were refrigerated at -4 ° C for later microwave digestion followed by analysis of atomic emission spectrometer for inductively coupled plasma. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, averaged and the results expressed in mg / l. The variables were described by means of the measures of central tendency: mean, median, deviation - standard, 25th and 75th percentiles Data were analyzed using frequency dispersal by descriptive methodology. In raw milk samples from the Southern Wasteland of Pernambuco were certain levels of Pb (0.090 ± 0.040 mg / L), Cd (0.015 ± 0.013 mg / L), Cu (0.043 ± 0.038 mg / L), Zn (1.293 ± 0.814 mg / L), Fe (0.109 ± 0.089 mg / L). There was variation in the levels of metals in accordance with the analyzed cities. The type of milking influenced the levels of Pb, Cd and Zn. Higher levels of Pb and Zn were obtained from samples of properties with the presence of effluents. The proximity of highways raised the rates for Pb, Cd and Cu. It was possible to determine the presence of metals Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper and Iron in raw milk from cows originating from Southern Wasteland of the State of Pernambuco, with the Lead as the heavy metal present at levels above the tolerance limit established by the National Health Surveillance.