Estratégias de seleção para teor de fibra em feijão-vagem

Abstract

Bean-pod is a horticultural crop widely appreciated in Brazilian cuisine, due to its chemical and organoleptic composition, high protein content and easy digestibility. Due to these characteristics, it is a food with high market potential, but because it is a relatively new agricultural crop that requires intensive activity for its cultivation, it is still little explored commercially. For the cultivation of the bean pod to gain representativeness it is necessary to genetically improve some characteristics, such as productivity, improvement in pod quality and resistance to pests and diseases. Among the characteristics that most influence the quality of the pod, we can mention the decrease in fiber content, which is directly related to changes in the physicochemical composition of the product, which promotes better palatability and ease of digestion. The consumption of food that consists of fiber is essential to maintain health. Due to this, differences in dietary fiber composition have been observed in bean germplasm banks when grown at different locations, years and sowing times. Based on what has already been discussed, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production components and to establish selection strategies for fiber content in bean-pod genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife Campus, from December 2015 to March 2016. The treatments were composed of 18 genotypes, consisting of sixteen accessions from the germplasm bank of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) and by two commercial varieties. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replications. Crops were harvested throughout the pod production period, according to the harvest point of each genotype. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDPF), average number of pods per plant (NMVP), average pod length (CMV), average pod weight per plant (PMV), average pod yield (PRODMV) and fiber content in pods (TFV). The analysis of variance and the grouping of means by Scott-Knott's test at 5% of probability were performed by the software program Genes. To evaluate the production components and selection strategies for fiber content in bean genotypes. The lines UENF 7-5-1, UENF 7-4-1, 7-6-1 and Hortivale presented low fiber contents and better yields. The most appropriate strategy aiming at low fiber content is to select the genotypes that are in the range of the mean up to ± 2σ.