Estrutura e atividade microbiana, solubilização de fosfato e crescimento de milho em neossolo regolítico após aplicação de fosfatos naturais e amendoim forrageiro

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the crops grown in the world and needs good supply of nutrients for their production. Among all the nutrients, phosphorus is one with difficult to handle, since its availability in soils is limited, among the alternatives to raise it is the use of rock phosphates, and these need the application of organic materials, which for decomposition raise the activity of the microbial community, and consequently boost solubilization. In this intention, the aim of this study was to associate peanut and animal manure with rock phosphates and evaluate the effect of these on the structure, activity and composition of microbina community, the chemical characteristics of the soil and the growth of corn plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the region of Garanhuns-PE using Entisol, consisted of 18 treatments compounds of mixtures of phosphate sources (Phosphate of Araxá, Fosfobahia, Gafsa Phosphate, Superphosphate Simple, Thermophosphate Yorin) with peanut, bovine manure, individual applications and a control. The plants were cultivated by two consecutive cultivation for to 45-day, and soil samples taken at the end of each cultivation. It was observed positive effect of the application of peanut and bovine manure on increasing soil microbial community activity, CBM, PBM and FAME and enzyme activity. The microbial community was sensitive to detect changes in soil quality fertilized with phosphates applied associated with peanut. The growth of corn plants benefited from the application of phosphate associated with organic waste. Accumulation of P in plants was high, and the application of organic waste with phosphate made them greater dry weight and the height of corn plants, and its beneficial application associated with rock phosphate.